CVE-2025-9905

Description

The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True. One can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5 model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed. This is achieved by crafting a special .h5 archive file that uses the Lambda layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True option is not honored when reading .h5 archives. Note that the .h5/.hdf5 format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility.

PUBLISHED Reserved 2025-09-03 | Published 2025-09-19 | Updated 2025-09-20 | Assigner Google

Problem types

CWE-913 Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources

Product status

Credits

Gabriele Digregorio finder

References

github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602 patch

github.com/.../keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv

cve.org (CVE-2025-9905)

nvd.nist.gov (CVE-2025-9905)

Download JSON